Macroeconomics (from Greek prefix "makros-"
meaning "large" + "economics") is a branch of economics dealing with
the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the whole
economy. This includes national, regional, and global economies. With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics.
Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price indices
to understand how the whole economy functions. Macroeconomists develop
models that explain the relationship between such factors as national income, output, consumption, unemployment, inflation, savings, investment, international trade
and international finance. In contrast, microeconomics is primarily
focused on the actions of individual agents, such as firms and
consumers, and how their behavior determines prices and quantities in
specific markets. While macroeconomics is a broad field of study,
there are two areas of research that are emblematic of the discipline:
the attempt to understand the causes and consequences of short-run
fluctuations in national income (the business cycle), and the attempt to
understand the determinants of long-run economic growth (increases in
national income).
Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by both governments
and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economic policy and business strategy.
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